Grant Anti-Semitic? Davis not.
Last week I was invited to join a new Yahoo Group dedicated to the storied legacy of the 20th Massachusetts Regiment. As this bunch is made up of a wonderful gathering of knowledgeable and enthusiastic historians, authors, photographers and researchers, I jumped at the opportunity to participate, although obviously my ‘expertise’ is in anything but ‘Union’ subjects. The conversations that are taking place via the email messaging function is exceptional and I hope to contribute something intelligent myself once I have some free time to do so. Right now I am simply observing.
One of the many emails circulating amongst the group deals with a General Order in which U.S. Grant mandated a relocation and boycott on conducting business with any members of the Jewish community. On December 17th in 1862, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant issued an order during the Civil War expelling Jews from a large region occupied by the Union Army. At the time, Grant commanded the military's administrative department of Tennessee, comprised of the states of Tennessee, Kentucky and Mississippi. Having assumed charge of trading licenses, Grant accused the region's Jewish community of illegally trading in black-market cotton. Here is the order that was referenced:
1. The Jews, as a class violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department and also department orders, are hereby expelled from the Department [of the Tennessee] within twenty-four hours from the receipt of this order.
2. Post commanders will see to it that all of this class of people be furnished passes and required to leave, and any one returning after such notification will be arrested and held in confinement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as prisoners, unless furnished with permit from headquarters.
3. No passes will be given these people to visit headquarters for the purpose of making personal application of trade permits.
I must say that I was taken aback and was not at all familiar with this event. I find it shocking that any commander (on either side) would have openly persecuted any religion by name in a formal document. Perhaps I am just naïve and I would appreciate any facts on this subject that anyone can provide.
As shocked as I am at the notion that U.S. Grant was possibly anti-Semitic, others may be just as surprised to know that Confederate President Jefferson Davis was the exact opposite. In fact, JD was the first president to incorporate men of all faiths into his cabinet. Davis’ most trusted and longtime advisor Judah P. Benjamin was his first Attorney General, second Secretary of War, and third Secretary of State. He was the first Jewish cabinet member in a North American government, the first Jewish nominee to the Supreme Court, as well as the second Jewish U.S. Senator. I cover this subject of Davis’ ‘faith-blindness’ in my upcoming devotional “The Southern Cross.” I would like to share a little of that here and who knows, I may even email it to the group:
PROTESTANT PRESIDENT
Jefferson Davis was an American statesman who was appointed as the President of the Confederate States of America, for its entire history (1861 to 1865) during the American Civil War. A man of humble origins, he began his formal education at a small, one-room, log cabin school in the back woods of Mississippi. Two years later, his family moved and he entered the Catholic school of Saint Thomas at St. Rose Priory, which was operated by the Dominican Order of Kentucky. At the time, Davis was the only Protestant student in the entire institution, but his own acceptance, as well as an introduction to a different denomination, made a lasting impression on the Episcopalian. Later, as a West Point graduate, Davis prided himself on the military skills he had gained in the Mexican-American War as a colonel in a volunteer regiment and as U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. After rising to the highest chair in the newly established Confederate government, Davis made a concerted effort to bridge the spiritual and social gaps between citizens of different faiths. During the 19th Century, Catholics and Jews were often held in contempt and discriminated against by the country’s Protestant majority. President Davis did not share this sentiment and following his appointment to power, he set a precedent when he assembled the first administration in American history that included Protestants, Catholics and Jews. This courageous decision went against all previous political practices and ultimately sent shockwaves through all of the county’s governing bodies, as not even his contemporary, Abraham Lincoln, had appointed anyone other than Protestants to a high office. In his article Jefferson Davis, Religion and the Politics of Recognition, D. Jason Berggren stated that, “Davis practiced the politics of recognition by appointing individuals identified with persecuted religious minorities. In this regard, contrary to conventional wisdom, Jefferson Davis was a remarkable president, a president ahead of his time.”
Excerpts taken from The Southern Cross by Michael Aubrecht.
I discuss this subject in more detail as part of my "Faith Under Fire: Discipleship During the Civil War" presentation. Read transcripts here.